The risk of miscarriage among the COVID-19 vaccinated group, compared with the unvaccinated group, showed no significant difference in miscarriage rate between the two groups. The average miscarriage rate among pregnant women receiving any COVID-19 vaccines was 9%. Overall, the studies considered in the present review exhibited a low to moderate risk of bias. The participants received any one of the six COVID-19 vaccines manufactured by Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2 mRNA), Moderna (mRNA-1273), Janssen (), AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1 nCoV184 19), Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV), and Sinovac (CoronaVac). However, 21 studies were selected that satisfied all criteria.Ĭombining all studies, pregnancy outcomes in 149,685 women were studied. Animal studies and those that reported non-clinical outcomes in human participants were excluded.Ī total of 505 relevant citations were considered, including randomized control trials (RCTs) and observational studies. The authors considered all studies related to miscarriages, live births, and ongoing pregnancies in women who received COVID-19 vaccines. This study obtained all relevant data until June 2022 from MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and EMBASE. This review is available in the Human Reproductionjournal. Scientists have recently reviewed existing literature to evaluate the rates of miscarriage and live birth among COVID-19-vaccinated pregnant women. Nevertheless, detailed characterization of S protein structure and amino acid sequencing revealed insignificant homology between the S protein antibodies generated post-vaccination and syncytin-1, which indicated COVID-19 vaccine safety. In addition, autoreactive antibodies against syncytin-1 could lead to early pregnancy loss. Some studies have indicated the potential risks of cross-reactivity of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein antibodies after mRNA vaccination and human syncytin-1 protein in trophoblastic tissue, which could cause placental damage. This observation is based on the reduced risk of poor pregnancy outcomes in COVID-19-vaccinated women compared to unvaccinated pregnant women. Currently, the majority of health officials have reported that COVID-19 vaccination is safe for pregnant women. As a result, limited evidence was available regarding the safety of vaccines in pregnancy. Initially, pregnant women were excluded from clinical studies designed to evaluate the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines.
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